May 21, 2024
The Value Added Tax (VAT) has become the predominant form of indirect taxation across the globe besides being a major source of fiscal revenue...
ICPP Working Paper
The share of e-commerce in total credit-card spending boomed during Covid in Spain. In particular, women, youth, and urban consumers used e-commerce proportionally more during the pandemic, especially for services. Using a unique proprietary dataset on credit card transactions, we test conjectures about consumers’ behavior (based on fear, hoarding, or learning) during Covid. Overall, ecommerce share reverted to its pre-Covid trend as the pandemic waned. However, some consumers with lower pre-Covid ecommerce usage tend to permanently use more e-commerce, supporting the conjecture of “learning by locking” for these individuals.
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The Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been one of the most instrumental economic policies of the past decade...